Supreem Circuits Diagram and Projects: Boosters

Electret Mic Booster Circuits Diagram

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Anyone who’s spent much time searching the web for interesting circuits  is likely to have found at least one TL431 based audio amplifier, the  circuit being based on the principle that any comparator can be used in  linear mode if it’s rolled off with enough negative feedback. Although  the TL431 is often referred to as a programmable or adjustable zener, it  is in fact a comparator with it’s own 2.5 V reference all neatly  wrapped up in a TO92 package.</div>
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The problem with the TL431  amplifiers to be found on the web is that they simply roll it back with  large nfb and leave it at that, which results in ver y low gain, to make  mat ter s worse some such circuits make a bit of a hash of biasing the  control input. </div>
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<b><span style="font-size: medium;">Electret Mic Booster Circuit Diagram</span></b><br />
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<img alt="Booster Circuit Diagram" border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-hRiTASZaae0/UR1BHgDIFkI/AAAAAAAAMBQ/wvBfVnKoLio/s1600/Electret+Mic+Booster+Circuit+Daigram.png" title="Electret Mic Booster Circuit Diagram" /></div>
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The circuit presented here takes care of the low gain by adding an  AC shunt to the feed-back path and using an electret mic for the input  the 2.5 V set on the control input at stable operating condition suits  an electret mic per fectly. The first prototype had a 35 ohms  loudspeaker as a load (RL), this gave good results although the TL431  ran a bit warm with a Vccof 12 V. An old 130 ohm telephone earpiece is  likely to present a less stressful load. AC shunt C2 (100 µF) has to be a  quality component in terms of its ESR specification don’t just use a  scruffy capacitor lying about as you may experience RF sensitivity. It  was necessary to add a series resistor (R3; about 100 ohms) or in  extreme cases an inductor (L1; 100 – 220 µH).<br />
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Components C1 & R1 are entirely optional to selectively feed some  unshunted feedback to reduce noise; 1.5 k? & 5.6 nF are as good a  place as any to start off with.<span style="font-size: medium;"> </span>Initial  set-up depends on the current drawn by the electret mic and the value  for RL any-where between 200 and 2,000 ohms is good. R2 allows the TL431  cathode to swing despite the AC shunt, 1.2 k? was found to be  satisfactory, P1 can be a 47 k? trimpot and is used to set the voltage  drop on RL. In the case of moving coil speakers a compromise between  volt-age swing and prebiasing the cone should be sought, with a  resistive load adjust for 0.5 Vcc, once the operating point is  determined P1 can be measured and replaced by an equivalent fixed  resistor.<br />
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The circuit has a couple of handy features, firstly it  wor k s ver y well on the end of a twisted-pair the output can be tapped  off at the wiper if RLis a pot at the power supply end, secondly by  salvaging the JFET from an old electret mic (some common types of JFET  will work but not quite as well), just about any piezo electric element  can be used as the transducer. Brass disc sounders give a good output  (handy as vibration sensors if glued to a structure); even the quartz  discs from clock crystals give some output, a phono crystal cartridge  gives a high output and the piezo-ceramic pellet from a flintless  cigarette lighter gives a huge output... the range of possible  applications is awesome!<br />
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A surprising application is the ability  to test the microphonic sensitivity of ordinary capacitors! Disc ceramic  types don’t need to be tapped very hard to produce an output but rolled  metalised foil types produce some out-put too. </div>
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Electret Mic Booster Circuits Diagram

Anyone who’s spent much time searching the web for interesting circuits is likely to have found at least one TL431 based audio amplifier...

Input Impedance Booster Circuit

Boosters 00:29

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The input resistance of a.c.-coupled op amp circuits depends almost entirely on the resistance with which the d.c. setting is determined. If CMOS op amps are used, the input resistance is normally high, currently up to 10 MΩ. If a higher value is needed, a bootstrap circuit may be used. This enables the input resistance to be boosted artificially to a very high value, indeed In the circuit shown in the diagram, resistor R1 sets the d.c. point for IC1a. The terminal of the resistor linked to pin 7 of IC1 would normally be at earth potential, so that the input impedance would be 10 MΩ. Connecting the other terminal of the resistor to earth via IC1a and network C2-R3-R2 as far as d.c. is concerned results in the requisite d.c. setting of the op amp.</div>
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">Circuit diagram:</span><br />
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nqWi9KeJ14g/TgTPwm44dsI/AAAAAAAACzw/yMRAOp8U8EI/s1600/Impedance%2BBooster%2BCircuit%2BDiagram.GIF"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5621846668845020866" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nqWi9KeJ14g/TgTPwm44dsI/AAAAAAAACzw/yMRAOp8U8EI/s400/Impedance%2BBooster%2BCircuit%2BDiagram.GIF" style="display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 357px;" /></a></span><b>Input Impedance Booster II Circuit Diagram</b></div>
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As far as alternating voltages are concerned, the input signal is fed back so that only a tiny alternating current flows through R1. Therefore, Rin=R1[(R2+R3)/R3]. With resistor values as specified, Rin is about 1 GΩ. One aspect must be borne in mind: the numerical value of (R2+R3)/R3 must not exceed 0.99. This means that the value of R3 cannot be less than 100 kΩ if the value of R2 is 10 MΩ. If these conditions are not met, the circuit will become unstable.</div>
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">Copyright</span>: <span style="font-weight: bold;">Elektor Electronics</span></div>
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Input Impedance Booster Circuit

The input resistance of a.c.-coupled op amp circuits depends almost entirely on the resistance with which the d.c. setting is determine...

USB Power Booster

Boosters 04:49

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The USB serial bus can be configured for connecting several peripheral devices to a single PC. It is more complex than RS232, but faster and simpler for PC expansion.Since a PC can supply only a limited power to the external devices connected through its USB port, when too many devices are connected simultaneously, there is a possibility of power shortage. Therefore an external power source has to be added to power the external devices.<br />
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<b>Circuit diagram:</b></div>
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<b><a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-NQkwCLYVji0/TuD_abJtMmI/AAAAAAAAENg/7VhTZGYRrsA/s1600-h/USB%252520Power%252520Booster%252520Circuit-Diagram%25255B5%25255D.png"><img alt="USB Power Booster Circuit-Diagram" border="0" height="188" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-deYXXihUCEU/TuD_dKTO3kI/AAAAAAAAENo/UtuX3GAXIbg/USB%252520Power%252520Booster%252520Circuit-Diagram_thumb%25255B3%25255D.png?imgmax=800" style="border: 0px none; display: block; float: none; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" title="USB Power Booster Circuit-Diagram" width="500" /></a> </b></div>
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<b><span style="color: black;">USB Power Booster Circuit Diagram</span></b><br />
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In USB, two different types of connectors are used: type A and type  B. The circuit presented here is an add-on unit, designed to add more power to a USB supply line (type-A). When power signal from the PC (+5V) is received through socket A, LED1 glows, opto-diac IC1 conducts and TRIAC1 is triggered, resulting in availability of mains supply from the primary of transformer X1. Now transformer X1 delivers 12V at its secondary, which is rectified by a bridge rectifier comprising diodes D1 through D4 and filtered by capacitor C2. </div>
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 <span style="color: black;"><a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-Lq04vSDI8hg/TuD_eFfP0II/AAAAAAAAENw/35jYVjuOS8s/s1600-h/Pin%252520configurations%252520of%252520moc302%25255B13%25255D.png" target="_blank"><img alt="Pin configurations of moc302" border="0" height="99" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-239Tf28Cj3s/TuD_f4sC5rI/AAAAAAAAEN4/OKtfV2qSHdA/Pin%252520configurations%252520of%252520moc302_thumb%25255B9%25255D.png?imgmax=800" style="border: 0px none; display: block; float: none; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" title="Pin configurations of moc302" width="440" /></a></span><b>Pin configurations of moc3021, bt136 and 5v regulator 7805 </b><br />
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Regulator 7805 is used to stabilise the rectified DC. Capacitor C3 at the output of the regulator bypasses the ripples present in the rectified DC output. LED1 indicates the status of the USB power booster circuit. Assemble the circuit on a general-purpose PCB and enclose in a suitable cabinet. Bring out the +5V, ground and data points in the type-A socket. Connect the data cables as assigned in the circuit and the USB power booster is ready to function.</div>
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Sourced By : EFY</div>
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USB Power Booster

The USB serial bus can be configured for connecting several peripheral devices to a single PC. It is more complex than RS232, but faste...

Audio Booster Circuit

Boosters 12:06

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<b>Small and portable unit, Can be built on a veroboard</b></div>
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The  amplifier's gain is nominally 20 dB. Its frequency response is  determined primarily by the value of just a few components-primarily C1  and R1. The values of the schematic diagram provide a response of ±3.0  dB from about 120 Hz to better than 20,000 Hz.Actually, the frequency  response is ruler flat from about 170 Hz to well over 20,000 Hz; it's  the low end that deviates from a flat frequency response. </div>
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The low end's roll-off is primarily a  function of capacitor C1(since RI's resistive value is fixed). If C1's  value is changed to 0.1 pF, the low end's comer frequency-the frequency  at which the low-end roll-off starts-is reduced to about 70 Hz. If you  need an even deeper low-end roll-off, change C1 to a 1.0 pF capacitor;  if it's an electrolytic type, make certain that it's installed into the  circuit with the correct polarity, with the positive terminal connected  to Q1's base terminal.</div>
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<b>Circuit Diagram:</b></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-aAL24RQUSzg/Te3eQPnY0uI/AAAAAAAACf4/oiWcvYmOf0I/s1600-h/Audio_Booster_Circuit%252520Diagram%25255B6%25255D.gif" target="_blank"><img alt="Audio_Booster_Circuit Diagram" border="0" height="207" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-8sX2UabS_WQ/Te3eSDldynI/AAAAAAAACf8/INmFxJO_jDo/Audio_Booster_Circuit%252520Diagram_thumb%25255B4%25255D.gif?imgmax=800" style="border: 0px none; display: block; float: none; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" title="Audio_Booster_Circuit Diagram" width="452" /></a></span> <b>Audio Booster Circuit Diagram</b></div>
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<tr>         <td valign="top" width="126"><b>Parts</b></td>          <td valign="top" width="200"><b>Description</b></td>       </tr>
<tr>         <td valign="top" width="126">P1</td>          <td valign="top" width="200">100K</td>       </tr>
<tr>         <td valign="top" width="126">R1</td>          <td valign="top" width="200">47K</td>       </tr>
<tr>         <td valign="top" width="126">R2</td>          <td valign="top" width="200">470K</td>       </tr>
<tr>         <td valign="top" width="126">R3</td>          <td valign="top" width="200">10K</td>       </tr>
<tr>         <td valign="top" width="126">R4</td>          <td valign="top" width="200">560R</td>       </tr>
<tr>         <td valign="top" width="126">R5</td>          <td valign="top" width="200">270R</td>       </tr>
<tr>         <td valign="top" width="126">C1</td>          <td valign="top" width="200">0.1uF-25v</td>       </tr>
<tr>         <td valign="top" width="126">C2</td>          <td valign="top" width="200">3.3uF-25v</td>       </tr>
<tr>         <td valign="top" width="126">C3</td>          <td valign="top" width="200">470uF-25V</td>       </tr>
<tr>         <td valign="top" width="126">D1</td>          <td valign="top" width="200">5mm. Red Led</td>       </tr>
<tr>         <td valign="top" width="126">B1</td>          <td valign="top" width="200">9v Battery</td>       </tr>
<tr>         <td valign="top" width="126">J1</td>          <td valign="top" width="200">RCA Audio Input Socket</td>       </tr>
<tr>         <td valign="top" width="126">J2</td>          <td valign="top" width="200">RCA Audio Output Socket</td>       </tr>
<tr>         <td valign="top" width="126">S1</td>          <td valign="top" width="200">On-Off Switch</td>       </tr>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="http://streampowers.blogspot.com/2012/07/audio-booster-circuit.html" target="_blank">streampowers</a></span></div>
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Audio Booster Circuit

Small and portable unit, Can be built on a veroboard The amplifier's gain is nominally 20 dB. Its frequency response is det...

Pump it up: Mp3 Booster

Boosters 12:02

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MP3  players are all the rage these days. The smaller ones in memory-stick  format are particularly easy to take with you; your very own ‘personal  sound system’ on the move! It’s when you want others to share your taste  in music that you ﬁnd these players to have a lack of power. You can  get round this problem with the help of the MP3 booster, a small  amplifier that can be used to connect your MP3 player directly to your  Hi-Fi. When you next invite your friends to a party you can ask them to  bring their ‘personal music’ as well as the usual drinks!<br />
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But ﬁrst we have to build this booster! The small battery-powered  players have an output signal that is more than sufﬁcient to drive a set  of 32 Ohm headphones. You’ll often ﬁnd that with an output of 1mW the  sound pressure level (SPL) produced can reach up to 90 dB. This would be  sufﬁcient to cause permanent damage to your hearing after only one  hour! The maximum output voltage will then be around 200mV. This,  however, is insufﬁcient to fully drive a power amplifier. For this  you’ll need an extra circuit that boosts the output voltage.<br />
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Power amps usually require 1 V for maximum output, hence the signal has  to be ampliﬁed by a factor of ﬁve. We will also have to bear in mind  that quieter recordings may need to be ampliﬁed even more. We’ve used a  simple method here to select the gain, which avoids the use of  potentiometers. After all, the MP3 player already has its own volume  control. We decided to have two gain settings on the booster, one of  three times and the other ten times. Ampliﬁers IC1A and IC1B (for the  right and left channels) are housed in a single package, a TS922IN.<br />
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The output signal of the MP3 player is fed via a stereo cable and socket  K1 to the inputs of the amplifiers. The gain depends on the  relationship between resistors R2 and R1 (R6 and R5 for the other  channel) and is equal to ten times. When you add jumper JP1 (JP2),  resistor R3 (R7) will be connected in parallel with the negative  feedback resistor R1 (R6), which causes the gain to be reduced to about  three. When you start using the booster you can decide which gain  setting works best for you.</div>
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<span style="color: #3333ff; font-weight: bold;">Circuit diagram:</span><br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KYHDhAtmYVM/TgTZU-zcQeI/AAAAAAAAC0I/J3GQumxF-rs/s1600/mp3-booster-circuit-diagram.GIF"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5621857189344592354" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KYHDhAtmYVM/TgTZU-zcQeI/AAAAAAAAC0I/J3GQumxF-rs/s400/mp3-booster-circuit-diagram.GIF" style="display: block; height: 280px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a><b>MP3 Booster Circuit Diagram</b></div>
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Resistor R4 (R8) takes the ampliﬁed  MP3 signal to the output socket K2 (K3). A cable then connects these  phono sockets to the input of your power amplifier. The resistors  connected in series with the output (R4 and R8) are there to keep the  booster stable when a long cable is connected to its output. Cables have  an unwelcome, parasitic capacitance. This capacitive effect could (due  to phase shifts of the signal) affect the negative feedback of the  booster in such a way that a positive feed back occurs, with the result  that the booster oscillates and possibly damages the power amplifier!<br />
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The resistors (R4 and R8) effectively isolate the output of the booster  from the parasitic capacitance of the output cable. They also protect  the booster outputs from short circuits. We’ve used a TS922IN opamp in  this booster because it can operate at very low supply voltages (the  maximum is only 12 V!), but can still output a reasonable current (80 mA  max.). For the supply we’ve used rechargeable batteries (e.g. NiCd or  NiMH cells) so that we don’t need a mains supply.<br />
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To keep the number of cells required as small as possible, we’ve chosen a  supply voltage of 5 volt; this can be supplied by four rechargeable  batteries. It is also possible to use four ordinary, non-rechargeable  batteries; it’s true that the supply voltage then becomes a bit higher  (6 Volts), but that won’t cause any harm. Since we’ve used a symmetrical  supply for the booster (2 x 2 batteries), it will be easiest if you use  two separate battery holders, each with two AA cells. The two holders  are connected in series.<br />
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Make sure that the batteries are connected the right way round; the  positive of one always has to be connected to the negative of the next.  This also applies to the connection between the two battery holders.  S1A/B is a double pole switch, which is used to turn both halves of the  battery supply on or off simultaneously. If you can’t ﬁnd the (dual)  opamp we’ve used (or an equivalent), you could always use standard  opamps such as the NE5532, TL082 or TL072. These do need a higher supply  voltage to operate properly. In these cases you should use two 9 V  batteries and replace resistor R9 with a 15 kΩ one.<br />
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Do take care when you connect the circuit to your power amplifier  because the output signal can be a lot larger and you could overload the  power amplifier. (Although you’re more likely to damage the  loudspeakers, rather than the amplifier!) (Please note that these two 9 V  batteries can’t be used as a supply for the TS922IN!) In our circuit  we’ve used a stereo jack socket for the input and phono sockets for the  output because these are the most compatible with MP3 players and power  amplifiers respectively. If you wanted to, you could solder shielded  cables directly to the circuit instead, with the correct plugs on the  ends. You’ll never ﬁnd yourself without the correct connection leads in  that case!</div>
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<a href="http://streampowers.blogspot.com/2012/07/pump-it-up-mp3-booster.html" target="_blank">Streampowers </a></div>
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Pump it up: Mp3 Booster

MP3 players are all the rage these days. The smaller ones in memory-stick format are particularly easy to take with you; your ver...

Step-Up Booster Powers Eight White LEDs

Boosters 02:56

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Tiny  white LEDs are capable of delivering ample white light without the  fragility problems and costs associated with ﬂuorescent backlights. They  do pose a problem however in that their forward voltage can be as high  as 4 V, precluding them being from powered directly from a single Li-Ion  cell. Applications requiring more white LEDs or higher efficiency can  use an LT1615 boost converter to drive a series connected array of LEDs.  The high efficiency circuit (about 80%) shown here can provide a  constant-current drive for up to eight LEDs. Driving eight white LEDs in  series requires at least 29 V at the output and this is possible thanks  to the internal 36-V, 350-mA switch in the LT1615.</div>
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The constant-current design of the circuit guarantees a steady current  through all LEDs, regardless of the forward voltage differences between  them. Although this circuit was designed to operate from a single Li-Ion  battery (2.5V to 4.5V), the LT1615 is also capable of operating from  inputs as low as 1 V with relevant output power reductions. The Motorola  MBR0520 surface mount Schottky diode (0.5 A 20 V) is a good choice for  D1 if the output voltage does not exceed 20 V. In this application  however, it is better to use a diode that can withstand higher voltages  like the MBR0540 (0.5 A, 40 V). Schottky diodes, with their low forward  voltage drop and fast switching speed, are the best match.<br />
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Many different manufacturers make equivalent parts, but make sure that  the component is rated to handle at least 0.35 A. Inductor L1, a 4.7-µH  choke, is available from Murata, Sumida, Coilcraft, etc. In order to  maintain the constant off-time (0.4 ms) control scheme of the LT1615,  the on-chip power switch is turned off only after the 350-mA (or 100-mA  for the LT1615-1) current limit is reached. There is a 100-ns delay  between the time when the current limit is reached and when the switch  actually turns off. During this delay, the inductor current exceeds the  current limit by a small amount. This current overshoot can be beneﬁcial  as it helps increase the amount of available output current for smaller  inductor values.</div>
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This will be the peak current passed  by the inductor (and the diode) during normal operation. Although it is  internally current-limited to 350 mA, the power switch of the LT1615 can  handle larger currents without problems, but the overall efficiency  will suffer. Best results will be o btained when IPEAK is kept well  below 700 mA for the LT1615.The LT1615 uses a constant off-time control  scheme to provide high efficiencies over a wide range of output current.  The LT1615 also contains circuitry to provide protection during  start-up and under short-circuit conditions.</div>
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When the FB pin voltage is at less  than approximately 600 mV, the switch off-time is increased to 1.5 ms  and the current limit is reduced to around 250 mA (i.e., 70% of its  normal value). This reduces the average inductor current and helps  minimize the power dissipation in the LT1615 power switch and in the  external inductor L1 and diode D1. The output current is determined by  Vref/R1, in this case, 1.23V/68 = 18 mA). Further information on the  LT1615 may be found in the device datasheets which may be downloaded  from www.linear-tech.com/pdf/16151fa.pdf</div>
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Step-Up Booster Powers Eight White LEDs

Tiny white LEDs are capable of delivering ample white light without the fragility problems and costs associated with ﬂuorescent b...

Bass Booster Circuit

Boosters 03:52

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<b>Increase the bass output of your present instrument at modest cost!</b></div>
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Bass  Boost is today's sound... whether it's the driving, gut-vibration  pulsation of disco, or the solid bass line of soft, hard, or laid-back  rock. One way to get the modern bass-boost sound without running out and  buying an all-new expensive piece of equipment is to use a Bass Booster  between your guitar, electronic organ or what-have-you, and the  instrument amplifier. </div>
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A bass booster strips the highs from the  instrument's output signal and amplifies low frequencies, feeding on  "all-bass" sound to the instrument amplifier. Naturally, the bigger the  speaker used with the amp, the more powerful the bass: use 15-inchers  with the Bass Booster and you can rattle the windows. Bass Booster is  powered by an ordinary 9 volt transistor radio battery. It can be  assembled on a small printed board or on a veroboard using point to  point wiring. The booster connects between your instrument and its  amplifier through two standard RCA Jacks.</div>
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<b>Circuit Diagram:</b></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-w9zhDfMALLE/TfTocymuZRI/AAAAAAAACoU/NEM8tiUr27g/s1600-h/Bass%252520Booster%252520Circuit%25255B6%25255D.gif" target="_blank"><img alt="Bass Booster Circuit" border="0" height="206" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-BHNrudrHI3A/TfToeuy82ZI/AAAAAAAACoY/gNsnDcB_Xps/Bass%252520Booster%252520Circuit_thumb%25255B4%25255D.gif?imgmax=800" style="border: 0px none; display: block; float: none; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" title="Bass Booster Circuit" width="456" /></a></span> Bass Booster Circuit Diagram</div>
<b>Parts:</b><br />
P1 = 50K   <br />
P2 = 100K    <br />
R1 = 22K    <br />
R2 = 470K    <br />
R3 = 47K    <br />
R4 = 10K    <br />
R5 = 470R    <br />
R6 = 1K    <br />
Q1 = 2N2222    <br />
C1 = 2.2uF-25v    <br />
C2 = 100nF-63v    <br />
C31 = 00nF-63V    <br />
C4 = 3.3uF-25v    <br />
C5 = 470uF-25v    <br />
D1 = 5mm. Red Led    <br />
Q1 = 2N2222     <br />
B1 = 9v Battery    <br />
J1 = RCA Audio Input Socket    <br />
J2 = RCA Audio Output Socket    <br />
S1 = On-Off Switch<br />
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<b>Using Bass Booster:</b><br />
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Connect your electronic guitar or other electronic  instrument to input jack J1; Connect output jack J2 to your instruments  amplifier's normally-used input. With power switch S1 off, key S2 so the  instrument feeds directly to the instrument amplifier. With P2 set full  counter-clockwise (Off), turn power switch S1 on, key S2 once, and  advance P2 for the desired Bass Boost level. To cut back to natural  sound just stomp down on S2 and key the Bass Booster out. Don't worry  about leaving power switch S1 on for several hours of a gig. The circuit  pulls less than 1mA from the battery, so battery will last many, many  months.</div>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="http://streampowers.blogspot.com/2012/07/bass-booster-circuit.html" target="_blank">Streampowers </a></span></div>
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Bass Booster Circuit

Increase the bass output of your present instrument at modest cost! Bass Boost is today's sound... whether it's the driv...

Step-Up Booster Powers Eight White LEDs

Boosters 00:28

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Tiny  white LEDs are capable of delivering ample white light without the  fragility problems and costs associated with ﬂuorescent backlights. They  do pose a problem however in that their forward voltage can be as high  as 4 V, precluding them being from powered directly from a single Li-Ion  cell. Applications requiring more white LEDs or higher efficiency can  use an LT1615 boost converter to drive a series connected array of LEDs.  The high efficiency circuit (about 80%) shown here can provide a  constant-current drive for up to eight LEDs. Driving eight white LEDs in  series requires at least 29 V at the output and this is possible thanks  to the internal 36-V, 350-mA switch in the LT1615.</div>
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The  constant-current design of the circuit guarantees a steady current  through all LEDs, regardless of the forward voltage differences between  them. Although this circuit was designed to operate from a single Li-Ion  battery (2.5V to 4.5V), the LT1615 is also capable of operating from  inputs as low as 1 V with relevant output power reductions. The Motorola  MBR0520 surface mount Schottky diode (0.5 A 20 V) is a good choice for  D1 if the output voltage does not exceed 20 V. In this application  however, it is better to use a diode that can withstand higher voltages  like the MBR0540 (0.5 A, 40 V). Schottky diodes, with their low forward  voltage drop and fast switching speed, are the best match.</div>
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Many  different manufacturers make equivalent parts, but make sure that the  component is rated to handle at least 0.35 A. Inductor L1, a 4.7-µH  choke, is available from Murata, Sumida, Coilcraft, etc. In order to  maintain the constant off-time (0.4 ms) control scheme of the LT1615,  the on-chip power switch is turned off only after the 350-mA (or 100-mA  for the LT1615-1) current limit is reached. There is a 100-ns delay  between the time when the current limit is reached and when the switch  actually turns off. During this delay, the inductor current exceeds the  current limit by a small amount. This current overshoot can be beneﬁcial  as it helps increase the amount of available output current for smaller  inductor values.<br />
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<a href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-EKUXUFNkQGc/Tf-Regb_5lI/AAAAAAAACw4/HYUuW3OM_lg/s1600-h/Step-Up_Booster%252520Powers_Eight_White_LEDs_Circuit_Diagram1%25255B7%25255D.gif" target="_blank"><img alt="Step-Up_Booster Powers_Eight_White_LEDs_Circuit_Diagram1" border="0" height="391" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-M_xudlFyCE4/Tf-RiVbBWTI/AAAAAAAACw8/SQeKL-Rm91Y/Step-Up_Booster%252520Powers_Eight_White_LEDs_Circuit_Diagram1_thumb%25255B5%25255D.gif?imgmax=800" style="border: 0px none; display: block; float: none; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" title="Step-Up_Booster Powers_Eight_White_LEDs_Circuit_Diagram1" width="450" /></a> <br />
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This  will be the peak current passed by the inductor (and the diode) during  normal operation. Although it is internally current-limited to 350 mA,  the power switch of the LT1615 can handle larger currents without  problems, but the overall efficiency will suffer. Best results will be o  btained when IPEAK is kept well below 700 mA for the LT1615.The LT1615  uses a constant off-time control scheme to provide high efficiencies  over a wide range of output current. The LT1615 also contains circuitry  to provide protection during start-up and under short-circuit  conditions. </div>
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When the FB pin voltage is at  less than approximately 600 mV, the switch off-time is increased to 1.5  ms and the current limit is reduced to around 250 mA (i.e., 70% of its  normal value). This reduces the average inductor current and helps  minimize the power dissipation in the LT1615 power switch and in the  external inductor L1 and diode D1. The output current is determined by  Vref/R1, in this case, 1.23V/68 = 18 mA). Further information on the  LT1615 may be found in the device datasheets which may be downloaded  from www.linear-tech.com/pdf/16151fa.pdf</div>
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Step-Up Booster Powers Eight White LEDs

Tiny white LEDs are capable of delivering ample white light without the fragility problems and costs associated with ﬂuorescent b...

Hydrophone Booster Amplifier (HA2)

Boosters 05:26

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<a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-eO6RJ4Vy-PA/Tf-dXUB7A0I/AAAAAAAACxA/1kQ85gybeuY/s1600-h/Hydrophone%252520Booster%252520Amplifier%252520%252528HA2%252529%25255B6%25255D.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="Hydrophone Booster Amplifier (HA2)" border="0" height="277" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-or43O04LC24/Tf-dZhx6CiI/AAAAAAAACxE/ijTiv7Y91iw/Hydrophone%252520Booster%252520Amplifier%252520%252528HA2%252529_thumb%25255B4%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" style="border-width: 0px; display: block; float: none; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" title="Hydrophone Booster Amplifier (HA2)" width="350" /></a><br />
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The HP series Hydrophone Booster  Amplifier (HA2) amplifies low-level hydrophone signals over a wide range  of frequencies. It has a minimum gain of 25dB and an input and output  impedance of 50Ω. The HA2 is designed for use with either Precision  Acoustics membrane hydrophone or Precision Acoustics HP Series  Hydrophone Measurement System, which is shown in Fig 1.</div>
<img alt="Hydrophone Booster Amplifier" border="0" height="507" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-rf_a_-2yH84/Tf-db6X3EnI/AAAAAAAACxI/gBKnJXPTsGk/Hydrophone%252520Booster%252520Amplifier_thumb%25255B5%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" style="border-width: 0px; display: block; float: none; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" title="Hydrophone Booster Amplifier" width="550" /><br />
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Alternatively, the HA2 may be used  when the acoustic signal is provided by a high output impedance  hydrophone, such as a GEC-Marconi membrane device, or a conventional  hydrophone. In this instance a BNC/MCX adaptor is used which connects  directly to the HP Series Submersible Preamplifier, using it as a buffer  amplifier, (i.e. the standard Precision Acoustic HP Series  configuration shown in Fig 1 is used, but without the interchangeable  probe).</div>
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<b>The HA2 amplifier is straightforward to use but the following points should be noted:</b> </div>
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<li style="text-align: justify;">The output of the amplifier should be correctly terminated in 50Ω before operation. </li>
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The HA2 amplifier is  non-inverting but this is of no consequence when used with the HP Series  interchangeable probes as their design takes this into account. However  when a submersible preamplifier is used as a high impedance buffer  amplifier (as in Fig 2) the system output from the HA2 will be inverted  as the HP Series Submersible Preamplifier is inverting.    </li>
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<b>Before Connecting the unit please read WARNING</b></div>
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<tr>       <td valign="top" width="205"><div align="center">
To Connect</div>
</td>        <td valign="top" width="195"><div align="center">
To  Disconnect</div>
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<tr>         <td valign="top" width="22">1</td>          <td valign="top" width="178">Connect Output Load</td>          <td valign="top" width="19">1</td>          <td valign="top" width="181">Remove RF Input</td>       </tr>
<tr>         <td valign="top" width="22">2</td>          <td valign="top" width="178">Apply DC Voltage</td>          <td valign="top" width="19">2</td>          <td valign="top" width="181">Remove DC Volts</td>       </tr>
<tr>         <td valign="top" width="22">3</td>          <td valign="top" width="178">Apply RF Input</td>          <td valign="top" width="19">3</td>          <td valign="top" width="181">Remove Load</td>       </tr>
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<b>Specification (HA2 Amplifier Only)</b></div>
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Voltage Gain = 25dB minimum    <br />
Bandwidth =  50kHz to 125MHz ±1.0dB     <br />
Maximum Output Level = 29dBm for 1dB compression (18.1V pk – pk into 50Ω load)     <br />
Input Impedance = Nominal 50Ω     <br />
Output Impedance  Nominal 50Ω (VSWR 2:1)     <br />
Output Noise Level = Typically 70μV pk – pk (bandwidth 125MHz)     <br />
Noise Figure = Typically 10dB     <br />
Phase = Non-inverting     <br />
Terminations:     <br />
Front panel = Input BNC socket BNC Output socket     <br />
Rear panel Power Requirements = 28v dc output to supply DC Coupler 100/120/220/240V ac, 50 to 60Hz,     <br />
7.5W     <br />
Operating Temperature = 0 to 50°C     <br />
Size = (90mm × 205mm ×194mm)     <br />
Weight = 2.6kg</div>
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Hydrophone Booster Amplifier (HA2)

The HP series Hydrophone Booster Amplifier (HA2) amplifies low-level hydrophone signals over a wide range of frequencies. It...

Ampere or Current Booster

Boosters 00:37

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<span style="font-weight: bold;">Small and very useful circuit, Can be built on a veroboard</span></div>
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Volt regulators such as the LM708, and LM317 series (and others) sometimes need to provide a little bit more current then they actually can handle. If that is the case, this little circuit can help out. A power transistor such as the 2N3772 or similar can be used.<br />
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The power transistor is used to boost the extra needed current above the maximum allowable current provided via the regulator.<br />
Current up to 1500mA(1.5amp) will flow through the regulator, anything above that makes the regulator conduct and adding the extra needed current to the output load. It is no problem stacking power transistors for even more current. (see diagram). Both regulator and power transistor must be mounted on an adequate heatsink.</div>
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">Circuit diagram:</span><br />
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NCU5ULkky80/TgTbG_XbgOI/AAAAAAAAC0Q/cSYBRf0qNuE/s1600/Current%2BBooster%2BCircuit%2BDiagram.gif" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5621859148000624866" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NCU5ULkky80/TgTbG_XbgOI/AAAAAAAAC0Q/cSYBRf0qNuE/s400/Current%2BBooster%2BCircuit%2BDiagram.gif" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 119px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a></span><b>Ampere or Current Booster Circuit Diagram</b></div>
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">Parts:</span><br />
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R1 = 1R-2W<br />
R2 = 10R-2W<br />
C1 = 35v-470uF<br />
C2 = 35v-470uF<br />
Q1 = TIP2955<br />
IC1 = 78xx Regulator<br />
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Ampere or Current Booster

Small and very useful circuit, Can be built on a veroboard Volt regulators such as the LM708, and LM317 series (and others) sometime...

Low-Power Voltage Doubler Circuit Diagram

Boosters 01:01

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div class="post-header">  </div><div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-4605953948526483811">  <div style="text-align: justify;">All miniature electronic devices operate off batteries. Some of them need higher than the standard battery voltages to operate efficiently. If the battery of that specific voltage is unavailable, we are forced to connect additional cells in series to step up the DC voltage. Thus, the true meaning of miniaturisation is lost. A simple way to overcome this problem is to employ a voltage doubler, if the device under consideration can operate at a small current.<br /><br />Here we present a low-power voltage doubler circuit that can be readily used with devices that demand higher voltage than that of a standard battery but low operating current to work with. The circuit is quite simple as it uses only a few components. Yet, the output efficiency is 75 to 85 percent along its operating voltage range. The available battery voltage is almost doubled at the output of the circuit.<br /><br />Here IC1 is wired as an astable multivibrator to generate rectangular pulses at around 10 kHz. This frequency and duty cycle of the pulses can be varied using preset VR1. The pulses are applied to switching transistors T1 and T2 for driving the output section, which is configured as a voltage-doubling circuit. The doubled voltage is available across capacitor C5. During each cycle of the pulse occurance, the high level drives T1 into its saturation, keeping transistor T2 cut off.</div><br /><span style="color: #3333ff; font-weight: bold;">Circuit diagram:</span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-sErLSW-7U_o/TgTVuVuccEI/AAAAAAAAC0A/fWIoP32ejOQ/s1600/low%2Bpower%2Bvoltage%2Bdoubler%2Bcircuit%2Bdiagram.gif" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5621853226947866690" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-sErLSW-7U_o/TgTVuVuccEI/AAAAAAAAC0A/fWIoP32ejOQ/s400/low%2Bpower%2Bvoltage%2Bdoubler%2Bcircuit%2Bdiagram.gif" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 208px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 401px;" /></a><a href="http://www.ecircuitslab.com/">Low-Power Voltage Doubler Circuit Diagram</a></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">So transistor T1 charges capacitor C4 via the path formed by diodes D2 and D1 to a voltage level slightly lesser than the supply. But during the low period of the pulse, transistor T1 is cut off while transistor T2 is driven into saturation. Now, transistor T2 raises the charge on the negative pole of capacitor C4 by another step equal to the supply voltage. Therefore an equal amount of charging is built up on capacitor C5 via diode D3.<br /><br />This doubling action increases the total voltage across capacitor C5 to almost double the input voltage. If the output of the pulse generator is maintained with a high enough amplitude and frequency, the output voltage and current remain constant and cater to the needs of the load. Even with the half-wave function, this circuit is almost free of ripple voltage. If the connected load doesn’t require a high current, the efficiency can be expected in the upper 90 percentranges.<br /><br />Since the input voltage is doubled, the current drain from the input power supply is also doubled at the input but halved at the output. One point of caution is that if the multivibrator’s frequency is fairly high, the output may suffer with the interference imposed over the DC voltage. In this case, the frequency must be set favorably by trials and actual load connection procedure. This tiny circuit can be assembled on the general-purpose PCB. If all of the components are surface-mount type, the whole module can be genuinely miniaturized.</div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">EFY Lab note.</span> During testing with input of 8V and 1.25mA load current the output voltage was found to be around 13V.</div><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Author</span> :M.K. Chandra ,Mouleeswaran And A.N. Vadivudai Naayaki<br /><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Source</span>: <span style="font-family: arial;">www . efymag . com</span></div></div></div>

Low-Power Voltage Doubler Circuit Diagram

All miniature electronic devices operate off batteries. Some of them need higher than the standard battery voltages to operate efficien...

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