Supreem Circuits Diagram and Projects: LED

Build a Constant LED Power Supply Circuit Diagram

LED 07:36

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An LED is usually a series resistor needed to ensure that the LED does not get too much power. The disadvantage of such a resistor is that the current thus also changes by the LED and the brightness as the voltage changes. </div>
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This circuit prevents that, by independent of the voltage, a constant current through the LED.The circuit uses two transistors and two resistors. The circuit can be connected to voltages of from 5 to 24 V.</div>
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 <b>Constant LED Power Supply Circuit Diagram</b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYGsBqu8zzCKs8saAIjOGQ0et_R5O2PzSPpZ1P0nWUJ3i6irzA_jjj5vNFMFP9SeKEfIsGR18LJ84EWdjMhEILfNo4jIF-96W9U2WG3ZQ-bNQ0R8ZLkk-pC06ntaYGRJdj1n2aaEiFSEim/s1600/Build+a+Constant+LED+Power+Supply.GIF" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Build a Constant LED Power Supply Circuit Diagram" border="0" height="376" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYGsBqu8zzCKs8saAIjOGQ0et_R5O2PzSPpZ1P0nWUJ3i6irzA_jjj5vNFMFP9SeKEfIsGR18LJ84EWdjMhEILfNo4jIF-96W9U2WG3ZQ-bNQ0R8ZLkk-pC06ntaYGRJdj1n2aaEiFSEim/s400/Build+a+Constant+LED+Power+Supply.GIF" title="Build a Constant LED Power Supply Circuit Diagram" width="400" /></a></div>
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Build a Constant LED Power Supply Circuit Diagram

An LED is usually a series resistor needed to ensure that the LED does not get too much power. The disadvantage of such a resistor is that...

LED light Organ Circuit Diagram

LED 05:34

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This is a fun circuit that can be at parties, for example. The four LEDs flash to the beat of the music. The light organ responds using a microphone to sound.T1 amplifies the signal from MIC. The sensitivity can be adjusted by P1. T4 controls the LEDs. </div>
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These are preferably LED's with a high light intensity.MIC is a condenser microphone. The circuit can be powered by a 9 V battery.</div>
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<b> LED light Organ Circuit Diagram</b><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmlN-lLD9cLq625e38ooOyM-bNZT039VHZPUpmknCACPZf4W8ggePo10_iRglYhzIcmSHkcAjfSjDg-_AQi-vN8AsoAmvoN7bfWDFGDQDPK_dYwSWLzJ0hgX2YrJVjGZ1pgve8NEdv-gzN/s1600/LED+light+Organ+Circuit+Diagram.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt=" LED light Organ Circuit Diagram" border="0" height="215" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmlN-lLD9cLq625e38ooOyM-bNZT039VHZPUpmknCACPZf4W8ggePo10_iRglYhzIcmSHkcAjfSjDg-_AQi-vN8AsoAmvoN7bfWDFGDQDPK_dYwSWLzJ0hgX2YrJVjGZ1pgve8NEdv-gzN/s400/LED+light+Organ+Circuit+Diagram.gif" title=" LED light Organ Circuit Diagram" width="400" /></a></div>
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<b>The 4 Budget</b><br />
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This circuit costs about € 6.15.<br />
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<b>Parts List</b><br />
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<li>     R1 = 10 k</li>
<li>     R2 = 330 K?</li>
<li>     R3, R6, R13 = 100 k</li>
<li>     R4, R8, R11, R14 = 47 Ω</li>
<li>     R5, R9, R12 = 1.5 MΩ</li>
<li>     R7, R10 = 47 k</li>
<li>     P1 = 220 K?</li>
<li>     C1, C2, C3 = 100 nF</li>
<li>     C4 = 100 uF</li>
<li>     D1-D4 = LED</li>
<li>     T1, T2, T3 = BC547B</li>
<li>     T4 = BC557B</li>
<li>     MIC = microphone capsule</li>
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LED light Organ Circuit Diagram

This is a fun circuit that can be at parties, for example. The four LEDs flash to the beat of the music. The light organ responds using a ...

Phase Controlled Dimmer Circuit Diagram

LED 05:33

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A phase-controlled dimmer delays the triac turn-on to a selected point in each successive ac half cycle. Use this circuit only for incandescent lamps, heaters, soldering irons, or universal motors that have brushes.</div>
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<b>Phase Controlled Dimmer Circuit Diagram</b><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEsfSR9CNItJvUk_k-mbKkztkh_BUxYzfihBFVwFmL01glJHu7w1RMOKJNZX5c2SFjYwdvMhEGRqz8RGY1J_GsWbvuGStL32-koMvm3zAwM0Wl58VcaFdJjqRKV9vwba1kQN3yt4HlUXa3/s1600/Phase+Controlled+Dimmer+Circuit+Diagram.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Phase Controlled Dimmer Circuit Diagram" border="0" height="216" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEsfSR9CNItJvUk_k-mbKkztkh_BUxYzfihBFVwFmL01glJHu7w1RMOKJNZX5c2SFjYwdvMhEGRqz8RGY1J_GsWbvuGStL32-koMvm3zAwM0Wl58VcaFdJjqRKV9vwba1kQN3yt4HlUXa3/s640/Phase+Controlled+Dimmer+Circuit+Diagram.png" title="Phase Controlled Dimmer Circuit Diagram" width="400" /></a></div>
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Phase Controlled Dimmer Circuit Diagram

A phase-controlled dimmer delays the triac turn-on to a selected point in each successive ac half cycle. Use this circuit only for incande...

Simple Knight Rider lights Circuit for model cars

LED 04:14

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This simple circuit drives 6 LEDs in 'Knight Rider scanner mode'. Power  consumption depends mainly on the type of LEDs used if you use a 7555  (555 CMOS version).<br />
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Simple Knight Rider lights Circuit <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhec9JIdKV7o3FFSI8AHiDtOYDzZbFC0A_ru52wpcvxZxzVwGT82Q8NTGm9h4D-Kv5UNHlRhFa0OiRpvmQCSGaR7qDDo3DBA9nRQUVbNeID2SLXKLP7TP0OgL1mD-COvjp5pRN15jBqDeWr/s1600/Simple+Knight+Rider+lights+Circuit+for+model+cars.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Simple Knight Rider lights Circuit for model cars" border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhec9JIdKV7o3FFSI8AHiDtOYDzZbFC0A_ru52wpcvxZxzVwGT82Q8NTGm9h4D-Kv5UNHlRhFa0OiRpvmQCSGaR7qDDo3DBA9nRQUVbNeID2SLXKLP7TP0OgL1mD-COvjp5pRN15jBqDeWr/s400/Simple+Knight+Rider+lights+Circuit+for+model+cars.gif" title="Simple Knight Rider lights Circuit for model cars" width="400" /></a></div>
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<b>Note</b><br />
That V<sub>DD</sub> and GND for the ICs are not shown in the circuit drawing.<br />
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<table border="" cellpadding="5">            <tbody>
<tr>                <td colspan="6">Pin-outs:</td>            </tr>
<tr>                <td colspan="2">(7)555</td>                <td colspan="4">4017</td>            </tr>
<tr>                <td>1</td>                <td>GND</td>                <td>1</td>                <td>Q5</td>                <td>9</td>                <td>Q8</td>            </tr>
<tr>                <td>2</td>                <td>TRIGGER</td>                <td>2</td>                <td>Q1</td>                <td>10</td>                <td>Q4</td>            </tr>
<tr>                <td>3</td>                <td>OUTPUT</td>                <td>3</td>                <td>Q0</td>                <td>11</td>                <td>Q9</td>            </tr>
<tr>                <td>4</td>                <td>RESET</td>                <td>4</td>                <td>Q2</td>                <td>12</td>                <td>CO</td>            </tr>
<tr>                <td>5</td>                <td>CONTROL VOLTAGE</td>                <td>5</td>                <td>Q6</td>                <td>13</td>                <td>NOT ENABLE</td>            </tr>
<tr>                <td>6</td>                <td>THRESHOLD</td>                <td>6</td>                <td>Q7</td>                <td>14</td>                <td>CLK</td>            </tr>
<tr>                <td>7</td>                <td>DISCHARGE</td>                <td>7</td>                <td>Q3</td>                <td>15</td>                <td>RESET</td>            </tr>
<tr>                <td>8</td>                <td>V<sub>DD</sub></td>                <td>8</td>                <td>GND</td>                <td>16</td>                <td>V<sub>DD</sub></td>            </tr>
</tbody></table>
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Simple Knight Rider lights Circuit for model cars

This simple circuit drives 6 LEDs in 'Knight Rider scanner mode'. Power consumption depends mainly on the type of LEDs used if you...

Warning Light and Marker Light Circuit Diagram

LED 22:32

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<span style="font-size: small;">This is a Warning Light and Marker Light Circuit Diagram. A flashing light of high brightness and short duty cycle is often  desired to provide maximum visibility  and battery life. This  necessitates using an output transistor, which can supply the cold  filament surge  current of the lamp while maintaining a low saturation  voltage.  The oscillation period and flash duration are  determined in the  feedback loop, while the use of a photo transistor sensor minimizes  sensitivity variations. </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: small;">Warning Light and Marker Light Circuit Diagram</span></b><br />
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Warning Light and Marker Light Circuit Diagram

This is a Warning Light and Marker Light Circuit Diagram. A flashing light of high brightness and short duty cycle is often desired to pr...

New Light Flasher Circuit Diagram

LED 23:12

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This is a very basic circuit for flashing one or more LEDS and also to alternately flash one or more LEDs.It uses a 555 timer setup as an astable multivibrator with a variable frequency.With the preset at its max. the flashing rate of the LED is about 1/2 a second. It can be increased by increasing the value of the capacitor from 10uF to a higher value. </div>
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For example if it is increased to 22uF the flashing rate becomes 1 second. There is also provision to convert it into an alternating flasher. You just have to connect a LED and a 330ohm as shown in Fig.2 to the points X and Y of Fig.1. Then both the LEDs flash alternately.Since the 555 can supply or sink in upto 200mA of current, you can connect upto about 18 LEDS in parallel both for the flasher and alternating flasher (that makes a total of 36 LEDs for alternating flasher).</div>
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<b> Light Flasher Circuit Diagram</b></div>
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New Light Flasher Circuit Diagram

This is a very basic circuit for flashing one or more LEDS and also to alternately flash one or more LEDs.It uses a 555 timer setup as an ...

Simple LED Voltmeter

LED 04:01

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<span style="font-size: small;">Four µ741 op-amps are used here to  measure the voltage  ranging from 3V to 12V DC. The voltage measured is  displayed on eight <b> LED</b>s.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;">The inverting inputs (pin 2) of IC1 through IC4 are  supplied with  regulated 12V DC through voltage dividers R1 through R4.  So the  inverting input of each op-amp forms the reference voltage. The   non-inverting inputs (pin 3) of the op-amps are tied together and   connected to the input terminals. The voltage to be meaured is fed to   these input terminals. </span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;">When the input voltage exceeds the  reference voltage of any of the  op-amps, its output goes high, making  the corresponding <b>LED</b>s to glow. </span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;">This circuit is designed to  measure 3V, 6V, 9V and 12V DC. For  instance, when the input voltage is  3V, <b>LED</b>7 and LED8 glow. When the  input voltage is 12V, all the <b>LED</b>s  glow. </span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-style: italic;">Note.</span> You can use a quad device such as LM324 instead of µ741 <b>IC</b>s. <a href="http://www.circuitsproject.com/" target="_blank">Link</a></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Circuit Diagram: </b></span> </div>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjL8UgUtwbEA2uq-OAU6eRiIVNTHVKtrtNRNYourPAyOb6I7atSpo22_GyTcHXbd3lYVE9qCavBmRvdumdUxIUiSud7eMd2RiwwV0XOjXJbvdwl6pVXv5L7BNX-BRvSHdqzxWTn92wdq9My/s1600/Simple_LED-Voltmeter.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Simple LED Voltmeter" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjL8UgUtwbEA2uq-OAU6eRiIVNTHVKtrtNRNYourPAyOb6I7atSpo22_GyTcHXbd3lYVE9qCavBmRvdumdUxIUiSud7eMd2RiwwV0XOjXJbvdwl6pVXv5L7BNX-BRvSHdqzxWTn92wdq9My/s1600/Simple_LED-Voltmeter.png" title="Simple LED Voltmeter" /></a></span></div>
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Simple LED Voltmeter

Four µ741 op-amps are used here to measure the voltage ranging from 3V to 12V DC. The voltage measured is displayed on eight LED s. ...

Build a 10 LED Bar Dot VU Meter Circuit based LM3915

LED, METERS 04:20

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<b>Build a 10 LED Bar Dot VU meter circuit based LM3915</b>. It differs in  many respects from other applications on the same chip. The circuit is  intended for those who want a VU meter that is connected directly to the  output of an power amplifier.</div>
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<b> 10 LED Bar Dot VU Meter Circuit based LM3915 Circuit Diagram</b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjH-8XEB6_TchVzfsivy1ZcS9Xf11uhL0gf4SXghRFlsWGtBUnD6TW_Efx5DDAVJPDYeBbR1iCFQYCvqSu8uxBlwQC8yd-je5s1_Dpnqp0CJQs5w8aSmKzA77NouugYBoxzdzFrjHfD_WtL/s1600/10+LED+Bar+Dot+VU+Meter+Circuit+based+LM3915.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Build a 10 LED Bar Dot VU Meter Circuit based LM3915" border="0" height="312" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjH-8XEB6_TchVzfsivy1ZcS9Xf11uhL0gf4SXghRFlsWGtBUnD6TW_Efx5DDAVJPDYeBbR1iCFQYCvqSu8uxBlwQC8yd-je5s1_Dpnqp0CJQs5w8aSmKzA77NouugYBoxzdzFrjHfD_WtL/s400/10+LED+Bar+Dot+VU+Meter+Circuit+based+LM3915.jpg" title="Build a 10 LED Bar Dot VU Meter Circuit based LM3915" width="400" /></a></div>
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It’s possible to adjust the sensitivity to work with amplifiers that  have different output power, you just need to change the value of R1  according to Table 1. In case you did’n find the exact resistor value,  then choose the next standard value (for example if you cannot find 33K  ohm, then find the 36K ohm), or if you want maximum accuracy you need to  put resistors in series or in parallel to achieve the correct value.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtNrT1d4TBEDUWWzMFnYZYKrSd1IbG7M4kocgqauTT7IHWtuXMZBhzU8unFYkKypYL1i8AIxaPW-zN63kufBOcflIT_z_6F4yGd5fUiO5J-Mkjpqj5DXwt3r3TsNNbjLrZBKWnZyAWymlR/s1600/10+LED+Bar+Dot+VU+Meter+Circuit+based+LM3915+table.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Build a 10 LED Bar Dot VU Meter Circuit based LM3915" border="0" height="172" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtNrT1d4TBEDUWWzMFnYZYKrSd1IbG7M4kocgqauTT7IHWtuXMZBhzU8unFYkKypYL1i8AIxaPW-zN63kufBOcflIT_z_6F4yGd5fUiO5J-Mkjpqj5DXwt3r3TsNNbjLrZBKWnZyAWymlR/s400/10+LED+Bar+Dot+VU+Meter+Circuit+based+LM3915+table.jpg" title="Build a 10 LED Bar Dot VU Meter Circuit based LM3915" width="400" /></a></div>
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You  can use various types of LEDs (round or square) to get the visual and  aesthetic result you want. The switch S1 will allow you to choose  whether VU meter will work as a bar or one by one (dot). In position ON  [closed switch], the LED operation is Bar, while in position OFF [open  switch], the LED operate in Dot. In Bar mode, the power consumption  rises because all of the LED will be work and can reach up to 150mA.</div>
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For  amplifier with two channels is obvious that we should build two  identical circuits, one for each channel. The operating voltage of the  circuit is +12 V. Taking this trend should be done by the tendency of  the amp. Usually amps work with voltages which higher than +12 Volts for  the circuit. For this reason, we must added a component which can  decrease, regulate and stabilize the +Vp voltage at +12 Volts. The  component we are used is IC2 (LM317) which is an adjustable voltage  regulator and stabilizer.</div>
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Using a small brushing is necessary  because the differences in the potential entry; output is large so that  we develop high levels of temperature. The use of R5 helps in voltage  drop to descend the voltage at the input of IC2 at lower levels. The  calculation of this resistance is more empirically using Ohm’s law. The  voltage at the input of IC2 must be higher than +16 Volts. For example,  if the voltage of the amplifier is +50 Volts, we should have a voltage  drop 50-16 = 34 Volts on the resistance R5. For the electric current,  50mA average is needed by the circuit [may be up to 150mA], the value of  R5 = V / I = 34/0.05 = 680 ohms 2W. You may need to increase or  decrease this value by trials. Because the resistor is going to heat up,  then it will be better to put some distance from the PCB. <a href="http://www.circuitsproject.com/" target="_blank">Link</a></div>
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It  will be better to set up and measure the output vltage of the IC2 by  adjusting TR1 first, you need yo remove IC1 to secure the IC1. If you  are able to supply the stabilized +12 V from somewhere in the amplifier  circuit, then you’ll need to remove the R5, the IC2 and materials inside  the dotted line.</div>
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<b>PCB layout design:</b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7OEdeDrkJU9HbKqkfr7XComYL6ZeJorxqJB6p7XHd-SyYi0bINlEv1u4qX2dAQRqIQoAzpiq8vYJkW9eIaQJfhrz01HtVI102DbYFpgNNVVWAY0PVuot-xdAT77bKL3AJ3HrXzvwKYtjW/s1600/pcb.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="PCB" border="0" height="303" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7OEdeDrkJU9HbKqkfr7XComYL6ZeJorxqJB6p7XHd-SyYi0bINlEv1u4qX2dAQRqIQoAzpiq8vYJkW9eIaQJfhrz01HtVI102DbYFpgNNVVWAY0PVuot-xdAT77bKL3AJ3HrXzvwKYtjW/s400/pcb.jpg" title="PCB" width="400" /></a></div>
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Build a 10 LED Bar Dot VU Meter Circuit based LM3915

Build a 10 LED Bar Dot VU meter circuit based LM3915 . It differs in many respects from other applications on the same chip. The circuit ...

Simple Rear Light After Glow Circuit Diagram

Automotive, LED 04:20

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This article is of interest only to readers whose bicycle lights are  powered by a dynamo. The laws on bicycle lights in the United Kingdom  are stricter than in other countries and a dynamo is, therefore, a  rarity in this country. From the point of view of traffic safety it is  advisable (in UK obligatory) for cyclists to have the rear lamp of their  bicycle to light even when they are at standstill. In principle, it is  not very difficult to modify the existing rear light with afterglow: all  this needs is a large enough energy reservoir. Since the after-glow is  required for short periods of time only, a battery is not required: a  large value capacitor, say, 1 F, is quite sufficient.<br />
<br />
As the <b>circuit diagram</b> shows, in the present circuit, the normal rear light bulb is  replaced by two series-connected bright LEDs, D2 and D3. These are  clearly visible with a current of only 6 mA (compared with 50 mA of the  bulb). The current is set with series resistor R1. The LEDs are shunted  by the 1 F capacitor, C1. Since the working voltage of this component is  only 5.5 V, it is, in spite of its high value, physically small. An  effective regulator is needed to limit the dynamo voltage adequately.  Normal regulators cannot be used here, since they do not work at low  voltages. Moreover, such a device would discharge the capacitor when the  cycle is at standstill.</div>
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<b> Rear Light After Glow Circuit Diagram </b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9C0c3S4eSWjSJjnXwYVjhx6XrFK9N6apNqhHR4aUjdrQaMTRUkbdBBLmaogaP2RwY_LQfpaGDbi7iF5Y567KgOJla3lUWQsq3PXrkY1Kq9Q9CxZZDhqVwM17Can7dezlvrgKJlCGobQTb/s1600/Rear+Light+After+Glow+Circuit+Diagram.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Simple Rear Light After Glow Circuit Diagram" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9C0c3S4eSWjSJjnXwYVjhx6XrFK9N6apNqhHR4aUjdrQaMTRUkbdBBLmaogaP2RwY_LQfpaGDbi7iF5Y567KgOJla3lUWQsq3PXrkY1Kq9Q9CxZZDhqVwM17Can7dezlvrgKJlCGobQTb/s1600/Rear+Light+After+Glow+Circuit+Diagram.png" title="Simple Rear Light After Glow Circuit Diagram" /></a></div>
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<br />
Fortunately, there is a low-drop type that meets the present  requirements nicely: the Type LP2950CZ5.0. Of course, the dynamo output  voltage needs to be rectified before it can be applied to the regulator.  In the present circuit, this is effected by half-wave rectifier D1 and  buffer capacitor C2. Diode D1 is a Schottky type to keep any losses low –  important for this application, because the ground connection via the  bicycle frame usually causes some losses as well. The value of buffer  capacitor has been chosen well above requirements to ensure that C1 is  charged during the negative half cycles of the dynamo voltage.</div>
</div>

Simple Rear Light After Glow Circuit Diagram

This article is of interest only to readers whose bicycle lights are powered by a dynamo. The laws on bicycle lights in the United Kingdo...

LED Matrix Horizontally

LED 05:52

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<b>LED</b>s provide a befitting way to electronically display information. whereas the seven-segment <b>LED</b> brandish, organized in the pattern of the digit 8, is common, it does not permit the brandish of some alphanumeric individual features. A 5×7 commanded matrix permits the display of all ASCII individual features, as well as graphics shapes.<br />
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The circuit in this conceive concept displays an unconventional way to use a 5×7 <b>LED</b> matrix.You can use a conceive encompassing a set of 5×7 commanded flats without altering any thing in the circuitry, except for the arrangement of the commanded units. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzFyXUETXrHWkJfl07EEE0-Zm3ZrxmwDd0gSeEcv3EFrAgWvuh5psXOlbhI9LR-th6NX0-nmrXAEhw-b9vQcoF3DFUa5OVQX8lVrgXAOSaBXJhRzjOJGZwo61u3pF2piQBYdp1QA9s98Yx/s1600/296010-Use_an_LED_matrix_horizontally.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzFyXUETXrHWkJfl07EEE0-Zm3ZrxmwDd0gSeEcv3EFrAgWvuh5psXOlbhI9LR-th6NX0-nmrXAEhw-b9vQcoF3DFUa5OVQX8lVrgXAOSaBXJhRzjOJGZwo61u3pF2piQBYdp1QA9s98Yx/s400/296010-Use_an_LED_matrix_horizontally.jpg" width="383" /></a></div>
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 Using one 5×7 <b>LED</b> matrix, or N units, horizontally instead of vertically  allows the display of two characters, or 2×N characters. The minimum  pattern for lowercase and uppercase letters requires only a 3×5 <b>LED</b>  configuration, except for the letters M and m, which require at least a  5×5<b> LED</b> configuration and need a dedicated subroutine.<br />
<br />
The circuit in Figure 1 uses an 8-bit, 18-pin PIC micro controller and a  decade counter to drive one or two 5×7 <b>LED</b> units to provide a display  module of two or four digits. The <b>circuit</b> uses a small pushbutton switch  to increment the counter. By default, the circuit works in  high-brightness mode. If you press the pushbutton during power-on, the  circuit works in low-power mode. </div>
</div>

LED Matrix Horizontally

LED s provide a befitting way to electronically display information. whereas the seven-segment LED brandish, organized in the pattern of ...

Simple LED Driver Design

LED 07:15

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The Simple <b>LED Driver Design TCA62735AFLG</b> is a charge pump type DC DC <b>Converter</b> specially  designed for constant current driving of white <b>LED</b>. IC can outputs <b>LED</b>  current 120mA or more to 2.8-4.2V input. IC observes the power-supply  voltage and the output voltage, and does an automatic change to the best  of step up mode 1, 1.5 or 2 times. It is possible to prolong the  battery longevity to its maximum.This IC is especially for driving back  light white <b>LED</b>s in LCD of PDA, Cellular Phone, or Handy Terminal  Equipment.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOdrDyLhIJzVzcHrUr-vQk2pn8MA2qs4MeAisvFBez7LLV9VKliInYRJaVF1PZ3VSUuGrsSIjUOSMbbM_VGsCfNf5WM84zWTbT5U_l1uaEsZbd7x73oTQ2ligB5FO3PJEJfur2w68i1WiB/s1600/LED+Driver+Design.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="208" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOdrDyLhIJzVzcHrUr-vQk2pn8MA2qs4MeAisvFBez7LLV9VKliInYRJaVF1PZ3VSUuGrsSIjUOSMbbM_VGsCfNf5WM84zWTbT5U_l1uaEsZbd7x73oTQ2ligB5FO3PJEJfur2w68i1WiB/s400/LED+Driver+Design.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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This electronic project t <b>LED</b> driver is very simple and require few  external electronic parts. Due of simplicity of this circuit this  project not require additional explanations . If you want to change this  design , please consult the manufactured datasheet.<br />
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Some features of the TCA62735AFLG electronic project are Switching  Frequency : 1MHz(Typ.), Output Drive Current Capability : Greater than  120mA , 4 Channels Built in Constant Sink Current Drivers, Sink Current  Adjustment by External Resistance, Soft Start Function , Integrated  protection circuit TSD (Thermal Shut Down) . </div>
</div>

Simple LED Driver Design

The Simple LED Driver Design TCA62735AFLG is a charge pump type DC DC Converter specially designed for constant current driving of whit...

Thirteen Color LED Rainbow

LED 01:56

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Only a few years ago, the choice of <b>LED</b>s was limited to IR, red, yellow,  and green. The <b>LED</b> manufacturers have been busy extending the spectrum,  and filling in the gaps. The latest generation of organic <b>LED</b>s (OLEDs)  has added some dazzling new colors to the spectrum. This circuit uses a  set of 13 differently colored <b>LED</b>s to generate a full color spectrum.  The photo does not fully represent the colors generated due to camera  limitations. The real-world display is very eye-catching. If you want to  "trick out" your PC, this circuit is for you. Forget about those boring  blue PC light displays.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGEslT9WEybxiEYGG0Wjq1RaZqtJdNZTk8g8gUp2dkpL7ON0pFMYA6DgzJPLT9me6jcfSaDJcMoq4jilsbDzVJavhD75vTTP223ECnWhV0PzbrOzjLh693n8BGDzDyznnSR4gNmNRQVcLx/s1600/Cir_solorb_ledrbow1.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="115" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGEslT9WEybxiEYGG0Wjq1RaZqtJdNZTk8g8gUp2dkpL7ON0pFMYA6DgzJPLT9me6jcfSaDJcMoq4jilsbDzVJavhD75vTTP223ECnWhV0PzbrOzjLh693n8BGDzDyznnSR4gNmNRQVcLx/s640/Cir_solorb_ledrbow1.gif" width="400" /></a></div>
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<b>Specifications:</b></div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Operating Voltage: 6-12V DC</li>
<li>Operating Current: 145ma at 12V DC</li>
</ul>
<b>Theory:</b><br />
The LM2940T-5.0 low dropout voltage regulator converts the 6-12V DC  input power to regulated 5 Volts. It was chosen over a standard 7805  regulator so that the circuit could maintain regulation while operating  on a 6V battery. The 1N4001 diode protects the circuit from reverse  polarity, if a battery or power supply capable of generating over 1 amp  is used, a 1 amp fuse should be installed between the supply and the  circuit. The 5 Volts is used to drive each of the <b>LED</b>s through  individual current limiting resistors.<br />
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The resistor values were determined experimentally for equal brightness.  Values are given as examples only, different sources of <b>LED</b>s will  require different resistor values. Resistor selection turns out to be  the most difficult part of the circuit's construction. A 100 ohm  resistor in series with a 1K pot could be used in place of each resistor  if individual brightness adjustments are desired. The table below lists  the LED colors and wavelengths.<br />
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<b>LED Color             Wavelength     Description</b><br />
Deep Red                  700nm          ---------  <br />
Red                       660nm         traditional red<br />
Orange Red                635nm         "high efficiency" red<br />
Orange                    623nm         also called red orange<br />
Amber                     594nm         ---------<br />
Yellow                    588nm         & traditional yellow<br />
Yellow Green              567nm         traditional green<br />
True Green                523mn          --------<br />
Cyan                      501nm         verde green, blue green<br />
Aqua                      495?nm        ---------<br />
Deep Blue                 470nm         ultra blue<br />
Powder Blue               430nm         first generation "powder blue"<br />
Violet                    410nm         ---------<br />
<br />
<b>Construction:</b><br />
The circuit was built on a prototype perforated board with printed  solder pads. The circuitry is hand-wired on the back side of the board.  Care should be taken when soldering to the <b>LED</b>s, a clip-on heat sink  should be used while soldering the leads. Care should be taken to avoid  zapping the <b>LED</b>s on the violet side of the spectrum, they are sensitive  to static electricity. The circuit board can be mounted on a piece of  white hardboard, the white paint reflects the colors nicely.<br />
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<b>Use:</b><br />
Apply power to the circuit and enjoy the colorful glow. Do not stare  directly into the array at close range for extended periods, some of the  <b>LED</b>s are extremely bright.<br />
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<b>Taking The Circuit Further:</b><br />
The spectrum could be extended on both the IR and UV sides. A brief scan  through the Mouser catalog indicates the availability of these IR  wavelengths: 940nm 880nm, 875nm, 870nm, 850nm. UV LEDs at 400nm, 395nm  and 380nm are also available. There are also many LED colors available  with wavelengths between the 13 colors shown, the colors selected were  chosen for an evenly spaced color spectrum.<br />
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</div>

Thirteen Color LED Rainbow

Only a few years ago, the choice of LED s was limited to IR, red, yellow, and green. The LED manufacturers have been busy extending the ...

Automatic Night-Light Feeds Directly From the AC Line

LED 07:42

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There are many approaches to the problem of activating a light when it  becomes dark, and a recent Design Idea covers this topic (Reference 1).  Some approaches require a dc power supply and an electromechanical  relay, but a better approach involves feeding the device directly from  the ac line, minimizing the number of components </div>
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(<b>Figure 1</b>).<br />
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<img border="0" height="211" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-IMHVezOa5rs/UQLLayl-I_I/AAAAAAAAL7E/0PkO5TUSZzg/s320/Automatic+Night-Light+Circuit+Daigram.png" width="320" /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Figure 1. The photoresistor activates the TRIAC and the load when darkness falls.</b></div>
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The heart of the device is a light-sensitive cadmium-sulphide resistor,  PR, with a resistance of approximately 200 kΩ in the dark and decreasing  to a few kilohms in the light. PR and capacitor C1 form an ac-voltage  divider. In daylight, the voltage across PR is too low to generate the  required gate-trigger current to turn on bidirectional ac switch Q1,  thus keeping the load – usually a lamp – off. When it becomes dark, PR’s  resistance rises, resulting in an increase in the TRIAC’s gate current  that triggers the TRIAC and lights the lamp.<br />
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The circuit uses inexpensive, off-the-shelf components, including the  VT90N1 photoresistor; a 0.1-μF, 275V capacitor; and an L2004F61 TRIAC  with a load current of 4A rms, a peak blocking voltage of 200V, and a  gate-trigger current of 5 mA. The exact specifications of these  components are not critical; you could use others instead.<br />
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<b><span style="font-size: medium;">Editor’s note:</span></b><br />
Attributes worth mentioning include the fact that the capacitor  introduces a phase shift, which places the peak of the gate voltage  close to the zero crossing of the load’s sine wave for optimum turn-on  timing. Another benefit is thermal hysteresis, which occurs due to the  reduction of the required triggering voltage and current as the TRIAC  warms up after the initial turn-on. </div>
</div>

Automatic Night-Light Feeds Directly From the AC Line

There are many approaches to the problem of activating a light when it becomes dark, and a recent Design Idea covers this topic (Referenc...

Simple Solar Flasher

LED 07:40

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This <b>Simple Solar Flasher </b>circuit is a single transistor fly back (Joule Thief) circuit that  features a third coil. With it, flash duration and brightness is much  enhanced, without resorting to large value capacitors.<br />
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<b>Circuit Diagram:</b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaqQ5nPJmp9a7oiBzO9zyUIDAz00XMwkR5VjO9c_JUIYOOusHq3RUwvc8tqT2wZtZEdySaH8OclFNVrBuVloS8lg6k4Z9Eka4hHn3niOYek0qB3sUTQbCY-Fp-c7MLFIZTpnTbmLqAeV_k/s1600/solar+-flash.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Simple Solar Flasher " border="0" height="247" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaqQ5nPJmp9a7oiBzO9zyUIDAz00XMwkR5VjO9c_JUIYOOusHq3RUwvc8tqT2wZtZEdySaH8OclFNVrBuVloS8lg6k4Z9Eka4hHn3niOYek0qB3sUTQbCY-Fp-c7MLFIZTpnTbmLqAeV_k/s640/solar+-flash.gif" title="Simple Solar Flasher " width="400" /></a></div>
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</div>

Simple Solar Flasher

This Simple Solar Flasher circuit is a single transistor fly back (Joule Thief) circuit that features a third coil. With it, flash durati...

High-intensity LED Warning Flasher Circuit Diagram

LED 02:39

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This circuit was designed as a warning flasher to alert road users to  dangerous situations in the dark. Alternatively, it can act as a bicycle  light (subject to traffic regulations and legislation). White LEDs only  are recommended if the circuit is used as a bicycle front light (i.e.  for road illumination) and red LEDs only when used as a tail light.  During the day, the two 1.6-V solar cells charge the two AA batteries.  In darkness, the solar cell voltage disappears and the batteries  automatically power the circuit.<br />
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<b><span style="font-size: medium;">High-intensity LED Warning Flasher Circuit Diagram</span></b></div>
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<img alt="High-intensity LED Warning Flasher " border="0" height="371" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Y80nDUcDqaU/URFkYECLLII/AAAAAAAAL9A/PuK-m3fqpJs/s400/High-intensity+LED+Warning+Flasher+Circuit+Diagram.png" title="High-intensity LED Warning Flasher Circuit Diagram" width="400" /></div>
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The flash frequency is about one per second and the LED on-time is about  330 ms. The duty cycle should enable the batteries to power the circuit  over night. The circuit is composed of three parts. Under normal  daylight conditions the batteries are charged through diode D4. In  darkness, pnp transistor T1 is switched on, supplying battery current to  the second part, a low-frequency oscillator comprising T2 and T3.The  third part is the LED driver around T4. <br />
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It conducts and switches on the LEDs D1-D2-D3 when the collector voltage  of T3 swings high. Two LEDs (D1, D2) are 20,000-30,000 mcd  high-brightness yellow types and one (D3) is a normal 3-mm red LED for  control purposes. Of course it is possible to increase the number of  LEDs to obtain higher brightness. However you will run into limitations  regarding the maximum collector current of transistor T4. For really  high power applications a MOSFET transistor is suggested instead of the  common or garden BC547B.</div>
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Author: Jose Luis Basterra - Copyright: Elektor</div>
</div>

High-intensity LED Warning Flasher Circuit Diagram

This circuit was designed as a warning flasher to alert road users to dangerous situations in the dark. Alternatively, it can act as a bi...

Simple Fluorescent Light Wiring Diagram | Tube Light Circuit

LED 02:37

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<span style="font-size: small;">The wiring process of fluorescent tube lamp/light with Ballast,Starter  is quite easy and simple. In most cases when we buy a fluorescent light  it comes in a complete set with all wire connected. If you want do it  yourself , you can buy all the parts individually. And you can  complete all connection of the fluorescent light/lamp with the help of  this wiring circuit diagram.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2GQyq4aQBHExs5rqKcmxuvIviJqr8o-PydLLaVNGesSEZ6GoHpoS_xrxT2uZfvyk4TasRn-psxTD3Q7RrZnuWR0enJ8puPTdpRLvm243n7cU3QTPqDA69prC6PSzIkjEB5uXmpMzP4Twn/s1600/Wiring-diagram-of-Fluorescent-Tube-Light-.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="202" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2GQyq4aQBHExs5rqKcmxuvIviJqr8o-PydLLaVNGesSEZ6GoHpoS_xrxT2uZfvyk4TasRn-psxTD3Q7RrZnuWR0enJ8puPTdpRLvm243n7cU3QTPqDA69prC6PSzIkjEB5uXmpMzP4Twn/s400/Wiring-diagram-of-Fluorescent-Tube-Light-.JPG" width="400" /></a></span></div>
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<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Main parts of Fluorescent Tube Light:</span></h3>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: small;">     1.Fluorescent Tube</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: small;">     2.Ballast </span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;">     3.Starter</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;">     4.Holder, wire etc.</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6157106112802119563" name="more"></a></span><br />
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<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>How Fluorescent Light's works:</b></span></h4>
</div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">The starter is like a key of fluorescent  light because it is used to light up the tube. When we connect the AC  supply voltage to the circuit, then the starter act like short circuited  and current flow through those filament (located at the first and  second end of the tube light) and the filament generate heat and it  ionized the gas (<span class="st">mercury </span><i><span style="font-style: normal;">vapor</span></i>)  in the fluorescent tube lamp. So the gas becomes electrically  conductive medium. At the same time when the starter opened the circuit  path of two filaments from series connected, then the ballast release  its stored voltage. And it makes the fluorescent tube fully lighten. Now  the starter has no job in the circuit, if you open it from the circuit  the fluorescent tube light will be still lighten, until you release the  main supply.</span></div>
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Simple Fluorescent Light Wiring Diagram | Tube Light Circuit

The wiring process of fluorescent tube lamp/light with Ballast,Starter is quite easy and simple. In most cases when we buy a fluorescent l...

20W/40W Fluorescent Lamp Inverter

Inverter, LED 10:59

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This is certainly a low-cost 20W/40W fluorescent lamp inverter circuit  project. Even so the maximum effective would be to make use of a 40 watt  tube (or two 20 watt tubes in series). It is a circuit you may put  collectively from junk box parts or assemble from a kit. It certainly is  quite easy to construct and no need printed circuit board. The  transformer is hand-wound on a ferrite rod (from an old transistor  radio) and the winding wire could be salvaged from an old transformer.  We’re intentionally maintaining bills down to confirm how cheaply it  could be put together.</div>
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<b><span style="font-size: medium;">20W/40W Fluorescent Lamp Inverter Schematic</span></b><br />
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<img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ADkrQm8eN6E/URS-J3xUA-I/AAAAAAAAL90/u2_4oQ9uiTY/s1600/12v+Fluoro+Inverter+Circuit+Diagram.png" /></div>
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Dependant upon your stock of components, the cost could vary from $3.00  to about $15.00 and in case the wires from the transformer are soldered  to the ends of the tube(s), you are able to make a free-standing light  that can be set-up in the garden to light up a dark place without having  the worry of operating 240v wiring. The cost of powering the circuit is  about 22 watts and this will make the same light output as a 60 watt  globe.<br />
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Using a regular fluoro operating on the 240v mains, a ballast (or choke)  is required in series with the tube to limit the current after the tube  has “struck”. This ballast dissipates about 10-20 watts for a 20 watt  tube and lowers the effectiveness of this circuit. In case the ballast  is replaced with an electronic circuit and high-frequency transformer,  the losses are lower than 5 watts. In addition, if we tend not to drive  the tube as tough as the 240v type we are able to get even better  effectiveness.</div>
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<b><span style="font-size: medium;">Parts List:</span></b><br />
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1 – 2R2 1/4watt (for testing)<br />
1 – 47R 1/4watt<br />
1 – 180R 1watt<br />
1 – 47k<br />
1 – 100k mini rim pot<br />
1 – 100ngreencap<br />
1 – 100u 16v electrolytic<br />
1 – BC338 transistor<br />
1 – TIP 3055 transistor<br />
1 – on/off switch<br />
1 – 12mm bolt and nut for transistor<br />
1 – heat-sink 5cm x 10cm<br />
1 – ferrite rod 10mm dia x 8m long<br />
1 – 30m winding wire .28mm dia<br />
1 – 4m winding wire .61 mm dia (wire diameters are NOT critical)<br />
1 – insulation tape either sticky tape or masking tape<br />
1 – interlayer insulation – paper<br />
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<b><span style="font-size: medium;">PCB Kit Design:</span></b><br />
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</div>

20W/40W Fluorescent Lamp Inverter

This is certainly a low-cost 20W/40W fluorescent lamp inverter circuit project. Even so the maximum effective would be to make use of a 4...

Simple Photo Meter Assesses Ambient Light Schematic

LED, METERS 05:49

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Most PN-junction diodes can be used as photodiodes. While not optimized  for this application, they do work. When the diode is reverse biased, it  will produce a small photovoltaic output as the light level is  increased. LEDs are particularly suited for this task because their  housings are transparent.<br />
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You can construct a simple circuit that  will assess the condition of ambient lighting and, because many LEDs’  packages are tinted to enhance their emitted color, may even yield a  reasonable evaluation of the detected color. The results are not as  effective as those obtained using a high-quality optical filter, which  typically has narrow bandpass characteristics, but they can be quite  acceptable. Though the design described here does not produce the  accuracy of designs with laboratory-grade photodetectors and  transimpedance amplifiers, it can be quickly assembled and will produce  usable results at a low cost.<br />
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Three LEDs are used;  experimentation will indicate which device has the best sensitivity to  which color (Figure 1). The ambient light falling on the LEDs causes  some current flow—typically in the range of 10 to 100 nA—through each  LED, depending on the applied illumination level. This current flows  through the base of a transistor, Q1, and is amplified. Q1’s collector  current then splits between potentiometer R4, which acts as a  first-stage gain calibration, and the base of Q2.<br />
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<b>Photo Meter Assesses Ambient Light Schematic</b><br />
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<img alt="Simple Photo Meter Assesses Ambient Light Schematic " border="0" height="223" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Y3JrTQZxF28/UNdJRTv5AoI/AAAAAAAALps/AaVzPMNBbN8/s320/Photo-meter-assesses-ambient-light-circuit-diagram.jpg" title="Simple Photo Meter Assesses Ambient Light Schematic " width="320" /></div>
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Q2 provides further amplification and drives the left side of a bridge  circuit (D1A and D1B). Note that R2/D1 and R3/D2 form a balanced bridge.  Q2’s collector current provides a slight imbalance to the bridge. The  meter, M, measures this imbalance. R5 adjusts the sensitivity of the  meter. Set R4 and R5 such that the meter has an appropriate deflection.  R4 is useful for selecting the quiescent point; R5 is useful for  adjusting the sensitivity.<br />
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Before building the circuit, check  whether the LEDs can be used as photo sensors. To determine whether a  given LED is a good photodiode, check the voltage across the LED using a  common digital multimeter set to its most sensitive range—typically 200  mV. Typical output voltage should be approximately 0.3 to 1 mV with  typical office illumination. <a href="http://www.circuitsproject.com/" target="_blank">link</a></div>
</div>

Simple Photo Meter Assesses Ambient Light Schematic

Most PN-junction diodes can be used as photodiodes. While not optimized for this application, they do work. When the diode is reverse bia...

Simple 110 and 220V AC LED Voltage Indicator

INDICATOR, LED 05:38

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This circuit, designed on request, has proven to be useful to  indicate when the voltage in a power supply line is changing from 120V  to 240Vac. It can be used in different circumstances and circuits,  mainly when an increase in ac or dc supply voltage needs to be detected.  D3 illuminates when the line voltage is approaching 120V and will  remain in the on state also at 240V supply. On the other hand, D6 will  illuminate only when the line voltage is about 240V and will stay on  because the latching action of Q1, Q2 and related components. C1, D1 and  D2 provide a low dc voltage in the 4.5V - 6V range in order to allow  proper operation of latch circuit and LEDs. </div>
<h2>
Circuit diagram</h2>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiv-gF8NrtmPNZiZ1SK91t6YeE8qrhM3aqBoUwFCM68KV4I6Ay3AE1xP8gY8sVlBMJbmPFlHk4J3_f81IykHq4zCvgbGtB6hOh-YgLUT169Et9YQXdB7AAobgg0LiX9cNDi-uIRhL8hswy5/s1600/110-and-220v-ac-led-voltage-indicator_orig1.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiv-gF8NrtmPNZiZ1SK91t6YeE8qrhM3aqBoUwFCM68KV4I6Ay3AE1xP8gY8sVlBMJbmPFlHk4J3_f81IykHq4zCvgbGtB6hOh-YgLUT169Et9YQXdB7AAobgg0LiX9cNDi-uIRhL8hswy5/s400/110-and-220v-ac-led-voltage-indicator_orig1.gif" width="400" /></a></div>
<h2>
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<h2>
Parts:</h2>
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<ul>
<li>R1_____________470R 1/2W Resistor </li>
<li>R2_____________220K 1/4W Resistor </li>
<li>R3,R7__________470R 1/4W Resistors </li>
<li>R4_______________1K 1/4W Resistor </li>
<li>R5_______________2K2 1/4W Resistor </li>
<li>R6_____________330R 1/4W Resistor </li>
<li>C1_____________330nF 630V Polyester Capacitor </li>
<li>C2______________10µF 25V Electrolytic Capacitor </li>
<li>D1,D2________1N4007 1000V 1A Diode </li>
<li>D3,D6___________LEDs (Color and shape at will) </li>
<li>D4_________BZX79C10 10V 500mW Zener Diode (See Notes) </li>
<li>D5___________1N4148 75V 150mA Diode </li>
<li>Q1____________BC547 45V 100mA NPN Transistor </li>
<li>Q2____________BC557 45V 100mA PNP Transistor </li>
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Notes:</h2>
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<li>D4 value could require some  adjustment in order to allow precise switching of the circuit at the  chosen voltage. If the case, please try values in the 8.2V - 15V range. </li>
<li>Warning! The circuit is connected to 240Vac mains, then some  parts in the circuit board are subjected to lethal potential! Avoid  touching the circuit when plugged and enclose it in a plastic box.</li>
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</div>

Simple 110 and 220V AC LED Voltage Indicator

This circuit, designed on request, has proven to be useful to indicate when the voltage in a power supply line is changing from 120V to ...

Simple Lighting Surge Protector Circuit

LED 23:21

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GDT’s are special type of gas filled   tubes used for wide range of electronic/electrical circuits for   providing protection against lightning and other power surges.  These   tubes basically has two electrodes that are kept inside a gas filled   closed envelope. In case of electronic applications, the container is   mostly ceramic in nature. For high grade electrical applications   military tubes are used. The electrical characteristics of this tubes   depends on the pressure and composition of gas, and the distance between   the two electrodes contained inside. The most commonly used gases in   GDT’s are given below.</div>
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1) Hydrogen gases</div>
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2) Deuterium gases</div>
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3) Noble gases</div>
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4) Elemental vapors (metals and nonmetals)</div>
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5) Other gases</div>
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6) Insulating gases</div>
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An image of a ceramic discharge tube is shown below. Take a look.</div>
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There  will be conduction inside the  GDT’s due to ionization of gas  molecules. Each GDT have a specific  voltage and current rating. A  simple lightning protector circuit is  given below.</div>
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<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
Lighting/Surge Protector Circuit</h3>
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In  power lines, usually large amount of  voltage is induced (typically  very short time with high amplitude) due  to lightning (direct or  indirect strike) or Transients*</div>
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*  (Transients caused by other equipments  are usually caused by the  discharge of stored energy in inductive and  capacitive components.  Electric motors, such as those used in elevators,  heating, air  conditioning, refrigeration or other inductive loads, can  create a  continuous stream of 250V to 1000V transients. DC motor drives,   variable speed AC motor drives, DC power supply switching, and portable   power tools are other sources of transients.)</div>
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<b>Lightning protection circuit: </b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAnr-Gxa1KU2TSnRL_ly78qZaGq6o1DjRdBdDp5m86YjArIynb4IFDZSqyvRLsX7Ncv_h0SsKu-R9MOay0VPs-LBx5Fw1ijoUxXUAMiohToqHMe4yw-XNSjKQqSwvotadSwjVWgWLiwSIM/s1600/Lighting+Surge+Protector+Circuit.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Simple Lighting Surge Protector Circuit" border="0" height="246" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAnr-Gxa1KU2TSnRL_ly78qZaGq6o1DjRdBdDp5m86YjArIynb4IFDZSqyvRLsX7Ncv_h0SsKu-R9MOay0VPs-LBx5Fw1ijoUxXUAMiohToqHMe4yw-XNSjKQqSwvotadSwjVWgWLiwSIM/s400/Lighting+Surge+Protector+Circuit.jpg" title="Simple Lighting Surge Protector Circuit" width="400" /></a></div>
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The basic surge suppression circuit   shown below consists of a VDR** (Voltage Dependent Resistor) and gas   surge suppressor (GDT) connected in series. The protection circuit is   connected between live and mains lead. Normally no current flows through   GDT and VDR1. When   the voltage between the terminals is higher than   the sum of voltage ratings of GDT and VDR1 (here both GDT UZ470B and  VDR  S20K250 has 250v 16A rating), current starts to flow through those   components. </div>
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If more the voltage rises then  more current starts to flow  through GDT and VDR1.When the current is  normal, the circuit is reset  and resumes it’s functioning. Thus the  current cannot be raised much  over that predetermined value. When the  voltage again goes back to  normal values G1 and VDR1, the conducting  stops and the circuit remains  normal.  If the flowing current is more  than the specified value of main  self-resettable fuse, the fuse will  break and the circuit will be  protected. After the current is normal,  the fuses resets and continue  its functioning (protection against short  circuit and overload). </div>
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The  circuit is designed to  protect sensitive electronic devices against  overvoltage transients in  normal mains voltage and overload/ short  circuit. Two neon pilot lamps  are also provided with the circuit diagram  to show the status of input  and load supply.</div>
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(**A VDR (Voltage Dependent  Resistor) is  an electronic component with a “diode-like” nonlinear  current–voltage  characteristic. The name is a portmanteau of variable  resistor.  VDRs  are often used to protect circuits against excessive  transient voltages  by incorporating them into the circuit in such a way  that, when  triggered, they will shunt the current created by the high  voltage away  from the sensitive components. A VDR is also known as  Voltage Dependent  Resistor or VDR. A VDR’s function is to conduct  significantly increased  current when voltage is excessive.)</div>
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<dl class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_5911" style="width: 194px;">
<dt class="wp-caption-dt"><img alt="Voltage Dependent Resistor" class="size-full wp-image-5911" height="132" src="http://www.circuitstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/Voltage-Dependent-Resistor.gif" title="Voltage Dependent Resistor" width="184" /></dt>
<dd class="wp-caption-dd">Voltage Dependent Resistor</dd></dl>
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<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
Advantages:</h3>
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1)      Normal working voltage = 230v AC/DC</div>
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2)      Maximum current rating=16A</div>
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3)      Cut-off current =16A</div>
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4)      Cut-off voltage= >300v R.M.S</div>
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5)      Protection against overloads</div>
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6)      Protection for short circuit</div>
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<span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">Applications:</span> </span></h3>
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1)      Protection for sensitive components</div>
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2)      Protection for motor devices</div>
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3)      Telephone line protection</div>
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4)      SMPS protection</div>
</div>
</div>

Simple Lighting Surge Protector Circuit

GDT’s are special type of gas filled tubes used for wide range of electronic/electrical circuits for providing protection against ligh...

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